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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -1,10 +1,22 @@
package com.thealgorithms.dynamicprogramming;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
* @author Varun Upadhyay (https://github.com/varunu28)
* Collection of Dynamic Programming techniques to solve for the n-th Fibonacci number.
* <p>
* This file showcases Top-Down Memoization ({@code fibMemo}), Bottom-Up Tabulation ({@code fibBotUp}),
* and Space-Optimized Iteration ({@code fibOptimized}).
* <p>
* For alternative structural paradigms, mathematical formulas, or verification steps, see:
* <ul>
* <li>{@link com.thealgorithms.maths.FibonacciLoop} - Standard Iterative (Loop) approach</li>
* <li>{@link com.thealgorithms.recursion.FibonacciSeries} - Naive Recursive approach</li>
* <li>{@link com.thealgorithms.maths.FibonacciJavaStreams} - Functional approach using Java Streams</li>
* <li>{@link com.thealgorithms.maths.FibonacciNumberGoldenRation} - Closed-form expression using Binet's formula</li>
* <li>{@link com.thealgorithms.maths.FibonacciNumberCheck} - Utility to check if a given number is a Fibonacci number</li>
* <li>{@link com.thealgorithms.matrix.matrixexponentiation.Fibonacci} - O(log n) Matrix Exponentiation approach</li>
* </ul>
* * @author Varun Upadhyay (https://github.com/varunu28)
*/
public final class Fibonacci {
private Fibonacci() {
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18 changes: 16 additions & 2 deletions src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/FibonacciJavaStreams.java
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import java.util.stream.Stream;

/**
* @author: caos321
* @date: 14 October 2021 (Thursday)
* Calculates Fibonacci numbers using a functional programming paradigm with Java Streams.
* <p>
* This specific implementation uses {@link java.util.stream.Stream#iterate} and reductions to generate terms.
* <p>
* For alternative approaches to compute or verify Fibonacci numbers, see:
* <ul>
* <li>{@link com.thealgorithms.maths.FibonacciLoop} - Standard Iterative (Loop) approach</li>
* <li>{@link com.thealgorithms.recursion.FibonacciSeries} - Naive Recursive approach</li>
* <li>{@link com.thealgorithms.dynamicprogramming.Fibonacci} - Dynamic Programming approaches (Memoization, Bottom-Up, Optimized)</li>
* <li>{@link com.thealgorithms.maths.FibonacciNumberGoldenRation} - Closed-form expression using Binet's formula</li>
* <li>{@link com.thealgorithms.maths.FibonacciNumberCheck} - Utility to check if a given number is a Fibonacci number</li>
* <li>{@link com.thealgorithms.matrix.matrixexponentiation.Fibonacci} - O(log n) Matrix Exponentiation approach</li>
* </ul>
* * @author caos321
* @date 14 October 2021 (Thursday)
*/

public final class FibonacciJavaStreams {
private FibonacciJavaStreams() {
}
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15 changes: 13 additions & 2 deletions src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/FibonacciLoop.java
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@@ -1,9 +1,20 @@
package com.thealgorithms.maths;

import java.math.BigInteger;

/**
* This class provides methods for calculating Fibonacci numbers using BigInteger for large values of 'n'.
* <p>
* This specific implementation uses an <b>Iterative approach (Loop)</b> with {@code O(n)} time complexity
* and {@code O(1)} space complexity.
* <p>
* For alternative approaches to compute or verify Fibonacci numbers, see:
* <ul>
* <li>{@link com.thealgorithms.recursion.FibonacciSeries} - Naive Recursive approach</li>
* <li>{@link com.thealgorithms.dynamicprogramming.Fibonacci} - Dynamic Programming approaches (Memoization, Bottom-Up, Optimized)</li>
* <li>{@link com.thealgorithms.maths.FibonacciJavaStreams} - Functional approach using Java Streams</li>
* <li>{@link com.thealgorithms.maths.FibonacciNumberGoldenRation} - Closed-form expression using Binet's formula</li>
* <li>{@link com.thealgorithms.maths.FibonacciNumberCheck} - Utility to check if a given number is a Fibonacci number</li>
* <li>{@link com.thealgorithms.matrix.matrixexponentiation.Fibonacci} - O(log n) Matrix Exponentiation approach</li>
* </ul>
*/
public final class FibonacciLoop {

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12 changes: 12 additions & 0 deletions src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/FibonacciNumberCheck.java
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* Fibonacci: 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 ...
* This code checks Fibonacci Numbers up to 45th number.
* Other checks fail because of 'long'-type overflow.
* <p>
* This class serves as a <b>verification utility</b> rather than a generation algorithm.
* <p>
* For approaches that actively compute the n-th Fibonacci number, see:
* <ul>
* <li>{@link com.thealgorithms.maths.FibonacciLoop} - Standard Iterative (Loop) approach</li>
* <li>{@link com.thealgorithms.recursion.FibonacciSeries} - Naive Recursive approach</li>
* <li>{@link com.thealgorithms.dynamicprogramming.Fibonacci} - Dynamic Programming approaches (Memoization, Bottom-Up, Optimized)</li>
* <li>{@link com.thealgorithms.maths.FibonacciJavaStreams} - Functional approach using Java Streams</li>
* <li>{@link com.thealgorithms.maths.FibonacciNumberGoldenRation} - Closed-form expression using Binet's formula</li>
* <li>{@link com.thealgorithms.matrix.matrixexponentiation.Fibonacci} - O(log n) Matrix Exponentiation approach</li>
* </ul>
*/
public final class FibonacciNumberCheck {
private FibonacciNumberCheck() {
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/**
* This class provides methods for calculating Fibonacci numbers using Binet's formula.
* Binet's formula is based on the golden ratio and allows computing Fibonacci numbers efficiently.
* <p>
* This specific implementation provides a closed-form solution with an expected {@code O(1)} time complexity.
* <p>
* For alternative approaches to compute or verify Fibonacci numbers, see:
* <ul>
* <li>{@link com.thealgorithms.maths.FibonacciLoop} - Standard Iterative (Loop) approach</li>
* <li>{@link com.thealgorithms.recursion.FibonacciSeries} - Naive Recursive approach</li>
* <li>{@link com.thealgorithms.dynamicprogramming.Fibonacci} - Dynamic Programming approaches (Memoization, Bottom-Up, Optimized)</li>
* <li>{@link com.thealgorithms.maths.FibonacciJavaStreams} - Functional approach using Java Streams</li>
* <li>{@link com.thealgorithms.maths.FibonacciNumberCheck} - Utility to check if a given number is a Fibonacci number</li>
* <li>{@link com.thealgorithms.matrix.matrixexponentiation.Fibonacci} - O(log n) Matrix Exponentiation approach</li>
* </ul>
*
* @see <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibonacci_sequence#Binet's_formula">Binet's formula on Wikipedia</a>
*/
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12 changes: 11 additions & 1 deletion src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/recursion/FibonacciSeries.java
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* Example:
* 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55 ...
* </p>
* <p>
* This specific implementation demonstrates a <b>Naive Recursive approach</b> with {@code O(2^n)} time complexity.
* For more performant variations or different programming paradigms, see:
* <ul>
* <li>{@link com.thealgorithms.maths.FibonacciLoop} - Standard Iterative (Loop) approach</li>
* <li>{@link com.thealgorithms.dynamicprogramming.Fibonacci} - Dynamic Programming variants (Memoization / Bottom-Up)</li>
* <li>{@link com.thealgorithms.maths.FibonacciJavaStreams} - Functional approach using Java Streams</li>
* <li>{@link com.thealgorithms.maths.FibonacciNumberGoldenRation} - Closed-form expression using Binet's formula</li>
* <li>{@link com.thealgorithms.maths.FibonacciNumberCheck} - Utility to check if a given number is a Fibonacci number</li>
* <li>{@link com.thealgorithms.matrix.matrixexponentiation.Fibonacci} - O(log n) Matrix Exponentiation approach</li>
* </ul>
*/

public final class FibonacciSeries {
private FibonacciSeries() {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Utility class");
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